Interactive heat transfer characteristics of 5 kW class shell-and-tube methane steam reformer with intermediate temperature heat source

A 5 kW class shell and tube methane steam reformer (MSR) with intermediate temperature heat source was evaluated to find a correlation between the methane conversion and heat transfer performance. First, performance evaluation of MSR1 was conducted by varying experimental conditions such as reformer reactant flow rate, steam to carbon ratio (SCR), inlet temperature of reforming zone, and inlet temperature of heat source. Sensitivity study of overall heat transfer coefficient was also carried out to find the major parameter affecting the heat transfer. Next, the heat transfer performance and methane conversion rate of MSR1 and 2 were compared. Both reformers have the same gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) in the form of shell and tube heat exchangers, but are designed to compare the heat transfer characteristics of the reformer by designing with the different heat transfer areas. The results show that the main factors affecting the performance of the reformer are load, heat source inlet temperature, and heat transfer area.     

水泥联合（半终）粉磨系统管磨机一仓仓长的探讨

在水泥管磨机前应用高效率料床粉磨设备辊压机或外循环立磨预处理工艺的前提下,根据配置不同分级机分级后的入磨物料颗粒粒径、易磨性、综合水分及熟料温度等工艺参数,后续管磨机必须选择相对科学合理的仓位比例,以实现磨内磨细与水泥颗粒的整形。磨内各仓有效长度参数能否合理选取,对管磨机段产量、质量与系统粉磨电耗影响较大,这个具有普遍性的问题,在生产过程中往往容易被忽视。由于一仓粗粉碎(磨)能力是决定管磨机系统产量的重要因素之一,而系统产量与粉磨电耗关系密切,故一仓有效长度L1的选择极其重要。在被磨材料特性、磨前预处理工艺及磨内配置与研磨体级配、水泥成品细度相对稳定的条件下,若管磨机一仓选用的有效仓长L1比例参数不合理,在系统运行过程中,一般都会出现共性问题:磨头进料端"冒灰"、"溢料"及磨内一仓"饱磨"现象,主电机运行电流明显下降,不得不采取减料或止料或调整运行参数,使系统长期处于低产量状态运行,粉磨电耗居高不下。实践中,应根据系统不同分级设备、不同工艺等因素科学确定管磨机一仓有效长度。     

管电极电解铣削深窄槽流场研究

针对封闭深窄盲槽结构的加工难点,提出了一种管电极电解铣削加工工艺。通过仿真软件对电解铣削过程中的流场进行建模仿真,利用高速摄影仪观测流场分析该方法的可行性。采用外径0.8 mm的管电极在不锈钢上进行电解铣削加工深窄槽试验,研究电解液压强对深窄槽轮廓精度的影响规律,成功加工出槽宽(1±0.05)mm、槽深(2.5±0.05)mm的高精度、侧壁陡直的封闭深窄盲槽。     

Experimental and numerical assessment of energy absorption capacity of thin-walled Al 5083 tube produced by PTCAP process

The energy absorption capacity of the Al5083 thin-walled tube produced by parallel tubular angular pressing (PTCAP) process was evaluated. Also, microstructure, mechanical properties, and anisotropy coefficients were studied in the peripheral and axial directions. Results showed that values of energy absorption decreased with processing pass increasing and the values for the unprocessed, first and second passes were obtained to be 167, 161.4 and 160.7 J, respectively. The differences between the simulation results for the energy absorption values and their experimental values for the unprocessed, the first and the second PTCAP passes samples are about 5%, 10%, and 13%, respectively. The energy absorption capacity was related to the anisotropy coefficient and microstructure. The results demonstrated that grain refinement occurred and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness after the first and second PTCAP passes were enhanced, while the increase rate in the first pass was much severer. Also, by applying PTCAP, the deformation modes were altered, such that the deformation mode of the annealed tube was quite symmetrical and circular while for the first and second passes there have been triple and double lobes diamond. The results of the numerical simulation for the deformation mode of the annealed and PTCAPed tubes were consistent with the experimental results. The deformation mode of tubes is dependent on their mechanical properties and variation of the mechanical properties during PTCAP process.     

轮式自动管缆伸缩装置关键技术研究

为了解决煤矿井下设备列车采用单轨吊悬挂的方式储存电缆、液管,存在高空悬挂作业、人工或绞车牵引等安全隐患,研制轮式自动管缆伸缩装置,对综采工作面动力控制设备提供安全保障。介绍了轮式自动管缆伸缩装置的工作原理以及整体结构形式,分析了伸缩装置采用的分组遥控电液控制系统、环形供液以及多传感器反馈闭环控制方式,实现了设备同步快速平稳安全运行。结果表明:该管缆伸缩装置能够适应巷道高度2.5 m以上的工况条件,取消绞车牵引、高空悬挂单轨吊以及铺设轨道,简化了劳动组织工序,有效保证工作面安全高效生产。     

小方坯高拉速结晶器铜管温度的测量

阐明了小方坯结晶器铜管温度测量试验的方法与过程,通过在铜管内弧、外弧和侧面不同位置埋设的32支热电偶,对浇铸150 mm×150 mm过程中铜管温度进行在线检测,记录了不同工况下铜管温度随浇注时间的变化关系,分析了各种工艺参数对结晶器铜管温度分布的影响。结果表明,生产过程中结晶器铜管温度场是不稳定的,各点温度都在做非周期性、无规律的起伏变动;拉速越快,铜管四面的温度不均匀倾向越大;梅花型铜管各处温度要高于普通铜管,证明其换热效率更高,更适合高拉速的生产。     

Elliptical distribution-based weight-determining method for ordered weighted averaging operators

The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators play a crucial role in aggregating multiple criteria evaluations into an overall assessment supporting the decision makers’ choice. One key point steps is to determine the associated weights. In this paper, we first briefly review some main methods for determining the weights by using distribution functions. Then we propose a new approach for determining OWA weights by using the regular increasing monotone quantifier. Motivated by the idea of normal distribution-based method to determine the OWA weights, we develop a method based on elliptical distributions for determining the OWA weights, and some of its desirable properties have been investigated.     

Elliptical slot based polarization insensitive compact and flexible chipless RFID tag

A miniaturized, polarization insensitive, and fully passive chipless radio frequency identification tag is proposed in this research article. The realized tag is based on slotted elliptical structures in a nested loop fashion with identical lengths and widths of slot resonators. Alteration of data sequence is accomplished by addition and elimination of nested resonators in the geometric structure. The tag is capable to encode 10 bits of data and covers spectral range from 3.6 to 15.6 GHz. The formulated structure demonstrates polarization insensitive characteristic. The data encoding structure is analyzed and optimized for different substrates that are, Rogers RT/duroid/5880, Rogers RT/duroid/5870, and Taconic TLX‐0 over the miniaturized footprint of 22.8 × 16 mm². The presented tag is robust, novel, compact, and flexible exhibiting a stable response to impinging electromagnetic waves at various angles of incidence.     

Measurement of heat transfer coefficients for steam condensation on a vertical 21.5-mm-O.D. tube in the presence of air

ABSTRACT

Governing the rate of heat transport by condenser tubes in the passive containment cooling system (PCCS), the steam condensation over a vertical cylinder in the presence of air was investigated experimentally. The main objective of this study was to explore if the condensation heat transfer coefficient relies on the tube dimension, which has been a variable missed in most condensation models or has been embraced without experimental demonstration under phase change environments. The mean heat transfer coefficient was measured in the condensation test facility named JERICHO (JNU Experimental Rig for Investigation of Condensation Heat transfer On tube). The outer diameter of the condenser tube used in this study was set to 21.5 mm. The measured heat transfer coefficients were compared to those obtained from the 40-mm-O.D. tube, and a multiplier to correct the variation of the heat transfer coefficient with the tube diameter was proposed for its application to Lee correlation. The proposed correlation was further validated against another set of experimental data obtained from a separate test facility housing the 31.8-mm-O.D. tube.     

中空夹层金属管混凝土构件侧向冲击试验研究

为提高海洋平台结构的抗冰能力，提出一种新型中空夹层金属管混凝土导管腿构件。通过理论分析、数值模拟和试验相结合，研究不同外钢管材料（Q345钢、奥氏体304级不锈钢和T6061铝合金）对中空夹层钢管混凝土构件的影响。通过单次冲击和连续冲击两种加载方式进行加载，并与钢质空心导管腿进行对比，试验结果发现：组合构件抗冲击性能优于空管构件，铝合金组合构件整体抗冲击能力较差，不锈钢单次冲击作用下极限承载能量高达18.83 kJ以上，小能量连续冲击作用下承载冲击次数最多，不锈钢组合构件抗冲击力学性能最好。结合有限元ABAQUS软件，对单次冲击构件建模并得出计算结果，与试验结果基本吻合。